In June 2023, Bruegel released the report The Value Added of Central Bank Digital Currencies: A View from the Euro Area (hereinafter referred to as the Report). The Report notes that in countries with high levels of financial exclusion and where there is a lack of modern and reliable digital payment systems, a central bank digital currency (CBDC) can facilitate access to payments for many people. However, in countries with ample payment solutions, financial exclusion is a second-order problem. The Report also conducts in-depth research and comparative analysis on retail CBDCs and wholesale CBDCs. Finally, the Report explores the future of the digital euro in terms of privacy vs anonymity, cash as the anchor of the financial system, limited holdings, European strategic autonomy, and the communication gap. The main content of the Report is hereby compiled for reference.

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